The importance of diesel power to the expansion of freight transportation and the continued growth of the U.S. economy was outlined for the Congressional Panel on 21st Century Freight Transportation by the Diesel Technology Forum. The panel, which was created by the U.S. House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and is chaired by U.S. Rep. John Duncan Jr., conducted a roundtable meeting - “Effectively Coordinating Freight Planning Activities” – this week with federal and state officials including Polly Trottenberg, the Under Secretary for Policy for the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Diesel’s Dominance
“The goods movement and construction industry almost exclusively operate on diesel fuel and engines,” Allen Schaeffer, the executive director of the Diesel Technology Forum, stated in a letter to Duncan and members of the panel prior to the hearing.
“Unique attributes of diesel fuel make it the most energy dense transportation fuel surpassing gasoline and natural gas. The diesel engine is capable of transferring this energy density into power efficiently. This is why heavy duty vehicles and equipment are powered by diesel.
“The National Petroleum Council, International Energy Agency and ExxonMobil have all concluded that diesel will remain the predominant powertrain in heavy duty applications and the predominant global transportation powertrain in the future," he added. "Much attention has been granted to emerging fuels, such as natural gas. However, these groups all conclude that natural gas will not be able to compete with the diesel given the inherent efficiency of the diesel engine and the energy density of diesel fuel. Natural gas and other emerging fuels may find a place as a niche fuel in certain heavy duty applications such as refuse hauling,” Schaeffer wrote in his letter to the panel.
Future of U.S. Freight Policies
Schaeffer said the panel will play a key role in addressing efforts to coordinate the efficient delivery of freight, the future growth and cooperation of largest scale freight projects, and identifying potential challenges to large freight projects. He added that diesel technology and power will be critical to the success of this agenda in a manner that will reduce emissions, improve air quality, and conserve fuel.
Some of the major issues Schaeffer outlined for the panel include:
Near Zero Emissions: Because of the introduction and widespread availability of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) in 2006-2007, new engine and aftertreatment technologies were able to come online to significantly reduce many criteria pollutants including particulate matter (PM), or soot, and oxides of nitrogen (NOX), a smog forming pollutant. These technologies allowed on-road heavy duty trucks to meet the “near zero” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency emissions regulations beginning with engine model year 2007.
These standards were further tightened for the 2010 model year. A truck manufactured after 2007 emits 98 percent less particulate matter and NOX relative to a truck manufactured in 1988.
Greater Fuel Efficiency: According to research conducted by Martec Research, new technology diesel engines also contribute to greater fuel efficiency. The owner of a new technology diesel Class 8 heavy duty truck will save $3,500 in fuel costs each year while conserving 21 barrels of crude oil, 875 gallons of fuel and eliminating 8.9 tons of CO2.
All Class 4-8 trucks on the road today deployed with new clean diesel engines save 13.3 million barrels of crude oil, 560 million gallons of fuel and eliminate 5.7 million tons of CO2.
Off-Road Diesel Advancing: Off-road equipment including construction, road building, locomotive, marine, agricultural and emergency back-up generators are also deployed with modern emission control technologies that significantly reduce criteria pollutants. The first phase began in January 2011 to drastically reduce particulate matter emissions. The final phase, beginning in 2014 will similarly bring NOx emissions to near zero levels for the largest machines and equipment.
In each case, EPA has provided for the standards to be phased in over time based on engine size. Most pieces of construction equipment including bulldozers, backhoes and motor graders, are compliant with Tier 4 standards. Final Tier 4 rules will apply to larger off-road diesel applications including marine and locomotives beginning in just six months -- January 2014.
American-Made and a Key Export: The new diesel emission reduction accomplishments and new engine and hybrid technologies are a showcase of U.S. engineering and manufacturing expertise. Over 90 percent of the heavy duty truck fleet is manufactured in the U.S.
One in every four engines manufactured in the U.S. is destined for overseas markets. Over $46 billion of diesel technology (engines, vehicles, equipment, parts and fuel) was exported representing 4.4 percent of total U.S. exports. The manufacturing of diesel technology helped sustain 1.25 million jobs and generated $186 billion in national income in 2009, the last year for which statistics are available.
