In spite of growing anti-globalization tensions in many countries, connectedness reached an all-time high in 2017, as the flows of trade, capital, information and people across national borders all intensified significantly for the first time since 2007.
Strong economic growth boosted international flows while key policy changes such as US tariff increases had not yet been implemented.
DHL released on Feb. 12 its Global Connectedness Index (GCI) - a detailed analysis of globalization, measured by international flows of trade, capital, information and people.
"Even as the world continues to globalize, there is still tremendous untapped potential around the world,” explains John Pearson, CEO of DHL Express. "The GCI shows that currently, most of the movements and exchanges we're seeing are domestic rather than international, yet we know that globalization is a decisive factor in growth and prosperity. Increasing international cooperation continues to contribute to stability so companies and countries that embrace globalization benefit tremendously."
The new report assessed the developments in globalization across 169 countries and territories since the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom and the 2016 presidential election in the United States. The 2018 index measures the current state of globalization, as well as individual rankings for each country, based on the depth (intensity of international flows) and breadth (geographical distribution of flows) of countries' international connections.
The world's top five most globally connected countries in 2017 were the Netherlands, Singapore, Switzerland, Belgium and the United Arab Emirates.
Eight of the top 10 most connected countries are located in Europe, helping make it the world's most connected region, in particular for trade and people flows. North America, the leader in capital and information flows, ranked second among world regions, followed by the Middle East and North Africa in third place.
"Surprisingly, even after globalization's recent gains, the world is still less connected than most people think it is," commented GCI co-author Steven A. Altman, executive director of NYU Stern's Center for the Globalization of Education and Management. "This is important because, when people overestimate international flows, they tend to worry more about them. The facts in our report can help calm such fears and focus attention on real solutions to societal concerns about globalization."
At the global level, the GCI shows, for example, that just about 20% of economic output around the world is exported, roughly 7% of phone call minutes (including calls over the internet) are international, and only 3% of people live outside the countries where they were born. The report also debunks the belief that distance is becoming irrelevant. Most countries are much more connected to their neighbors than to distant nations.
Emerging Economies Remain Less Connected than Advanced Economies
The report reveals vast differences between levels of globalization in advanced versus emerging economies. Emerging economies trade almost as intensively as advanced economies, but advanced economies are more than three times as deeply integrated into international capital flows, five times for people flows, and almost nine times with respect to information flows. Additionally, while leaders from large emerging markets have become major supporters of globalization on the world stage, emerging economies' progress catching up in terms of global connectedness has stalled.
Southeast Asian Nations Beat Expectations
The five countries where international flows exceed expectations the most are Cambodia, Malaysia, Mozambique, Singapore, and Viet Nam. Four of these top five countries are located in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian countries benefit from linkages with wider Asian supply chain networks as well as ASEAN policy initiatives promoting economic integration. This is positive news for the region because deeper global connectedness can help accelerate countries' economic growth.
